如何在偿还债务的同时提高信用评分
信用评分如何计算
Your FICO score is based on five factors: payment history (35%), amounts owed or credit utilization (30%), length of credit history (15%), new credit (10%), and credit mix (10%). Understanding this breakdown helps you focus on what moves the needle most: making on-time payments and keeping credit card balances low relative to your credit limits.
你的FICO评分基于五个因素：还款历史（35%）、欠款金额或信用利用率（30%）、信用历史长度（15%）、新信用（10%）和信用组合（10%）。了解这个分类有助于你专注于最重要的方面：按时还款并保持信用卡余额相对于信用额度的较低水平。
付款历史至关重要
Payment history accounts for 35% of your FICO score — the single largest factor. Even one missed payment can drop your score by 60-100 points and stays on your report for seven years. While paying down debt, never miss a minimum payment. Set up autopay for at least the minimum on every account. If you've already missed a payment, get current as soon as possible and stay current — the impact of old late payments diminishes over time.
还款历史占FICO评分的35%——是最大的单一因素。即使一次逾期还款也可能使你的评分下降60-100分，并在你的报告上保留七年。在偿还债务的同时，千万不要错过最低还款额。为每个账户至少设置最低还款额的自动支付。
降低你的信用利用率
Credit utilization — the percentage of your available credit you're using — accounts for 30% of your score. Aim to keep utilization below 30% overall and on each individual card. Below 10% is even better for your score. As you pay down credit card balances, your utilization drops and your score rises. This is one of the fastest ways to improve your score. You can also request credit limit increases (without increasing spending) to lower your utilization percentage.
信用利用率——你正在使用的可用信用百分比——占评分的30%。目标是保持总体和每张卡的利用率低于30%。低于10%对你的评分更有利。当你偿还信用卡余额时，利用率下降，评分上升。你还可以申请提高信用额度（不增加支出）来降低利用率百分比。
不要关闭旧账户
It may be tempting to close a credit card once it's paid off, but this can hurt your score in two ways: it reduces your total available credit (increasing utilization) and shortens your average account age. Instead, keep old accounts open, use them occasionally for small purchases, and pay the balance in full each month. The length of your credit history accounts for 15% of your score.
一旦还清信用卡就关闭它可能很诱人，但这会从两方面损害你的评分：它减少了你的总可用信用（增加利用率）并缩短了你的平均账户年龄。相反，保持旧账户开放，偶尔用于小额购物，每月全额还清余额。你的信用历史长度占评分的15%。
监控并争议错误
Regularly check your credit reports from all three bureaus (Equifax, Experian, TransUnion) at AnnualCreditReport.com. Dispute any errors you find — incorrect late payments, accounts that aren't yours, or paid-off debts still showing as active. Credit report errors are surprisingly common and can drag down your score unfairly. Fixing them can result in quick score improvements.
定期在AnnualCreditReport.com上检查来自三大信用局（Equifax、Experian、TransUnion）的信用报告。对你发现的任何错误提出争议——错误的逾期付款、不是你名下的账户、或仍显示为活跃的已还清债务。信用报告错误出奇地常见，可能不公平地拉低你的评分。