如何在償還債務的同時提高信用評分
信用評分如何計算
Your FICO score is based on five factors: payment history (35%), amounts owed or credit utilization (30%), length of credit history (15%), new credit (10%), and credit mix (10%). Understanding this breakdown helps you focus on what moves the needle most: making on-time payments and keeping credit card balances low relative to your credit limits.
你的FICO評分基於五個因素：還款歷史（35%）、欠款金額或信用利用率（30%）、信用歷史長度（15%）、新信用（10%）和信用組合（10%）。了解這個分類有助於你專注於最重要的方面：按時還款並保持信用卡餘額相對於信用額度的較低水平。
付款歷史至關重要
Payment history accounts for 35% of your FICO score — the single largest factor. Even one missed payment can drop your score by 60-100 points and stays on your report for seven years. While paying down debt, never miss a minimum payment. Set up autopay for at least the minimum on every account. If you've already missed a payment, get current as soon as possible and stay current — the impact of old late payments diminishes over time.
還款歷史佔FICO評分的35%——是最大的單一因素。即使一次逾期還款也可能使你的評分下降60-100分，並在你的報告上保留七年。在償還債務的同時，千萬不要錯過最低還款額。為每個帳戶至少設置最低還款額的自動支付。
降低你的信用利用率
Credit utilization — the percentage of your available credit you're using — accounts for 30% of your score. Aim to keep utilization below 30% overall and on each individual card. Below 10% is even better for your score. As you pay down credit card balances, your utilization drops and your score rises. This is one of the fastest ways to improve your score. You can also request credit limit increases (without increasing spending) to lower your utilization percentage.
信用利用率——你正在使用的可用信用百分比——佔評分的30%。目標是保持總體和每張卡的利用率低於30%。低於10%對你的評分更有利。當你償還信用卡餘額時，利用率下降，評分上升。你還可以申請提高信用額度（不增加支出）來降低利用率百分比。
不要關閉舊帳戶
It may be tempting to close a credit card once it's paid off, but this can hurt your score in two ways: it reduces your total available credit (increasing utilization) and shortens your average account age. Instead, keep old accounts open, use them occasionally for small purchases, and pay the balance in full each month. The length of your credit history accounts for 15% of your score.
一旦還清信用卡就關閉它可能很誘人，但這會從兩方面損害你的評分：它減少了你的總可用信用（增加利用率）並縮短了你的平均帳戶年齡。相反，保持舊帳戶開放，偶爾用於小額購物，每月全額還清餘額。你的信用歷史長度佔評分的15%。
監控並爭議錯誤
Regularly check your credit reports from all three bureaus (Equifax, Experian, TransUnion) at AnnualCreditReport.com. Dispute any errors you find — incorrect late payments, accounts that aren't yours, or paid-off debts still showing as active. Credit report errors are surprisingly common and can drag down your score unfairly. Fixing them can result in quick score improvements.
定期在AnnualCreditReport.com上檢查來自三大信用局（Equifax、Experian、TransUnion）的信用報告。對你發現的任何錯誤提出爭議——錯誤的逾期付款、不是你名下的帳戶、或仍顯示為活躍的已還清債務。信用報告錯誤出奇地常見，可能不公平地拉低你的評分。